/**
* Note: This file may contain artifacts of previous malicious infection.
* However, the dangerous code has been removed, and the file is now safe to use.
*/

/**
 * @file
 * Pathologic text filter for Drupal.
 *
 * This input filter attempts to make sure that link and image paths will
 * always be correct, even when domain names change, content is moved from one
 * server to another, the Clean URLs feature is toggled, etc.
 */

/**
 * Implements hook_filter_info().
 */
function pathologic_filter_info() {
  return array(
    'pathologic' => array(
      'title' => t('Correct URLs with Pathologic'),
      'process callback' => '_pathologic_filter',
      'settings callback' => '_pathologic_settings',
      'default settings' => array(
        'local_paths' => '',
        'protocol_style' => 'full',
      ),
      // Set weight to 50 so that it will hopefully appear at the bottom of
      // filter lists by default. 50 is the maximum value of the weight menu
      // for each row in the filter table (the menu is hidden by JavaScript to
      // use table row dragging instead when JS is enabled).
      'weight' => 50,
    )
  );
}

/**
 * Settings callback for Pathologic.
 */
function _pathologic_settings($form, &$form_state, $filter, $format, $defaults, $filters) {
  return array(
    'reminder' => array(
      '#type' => 'item',
      '#title' => t('In most cases, Pathologic should be the <em>last</em> filter in the &ldquo;Filter processing order&rdquo; list.'),
      '#weight' => -10,
    ),
    'protocol_style' => array(
      '#type' => 'radios',
      '#title' => t('Processed URL format'),
      '#default_value' => isset($filter->settings['protocol_style']) ? $filter->settings['protocol_style'] : $defaults['protocol_style'],
      '#options' => array(
        'full' => t('Full URL (<code>http://example.com/foo/bar</code>)'),
        'proto-rel' => t('Protocol relative URL (<code>//example.com/foo/bar</code>)'),
        'path' => t('Path relative to server root (<code>/foo/bar</code>)'),
      ),
      '#description' => t('The <em>Full URL</em> option is best for stopping broken images and links in syndicated content (such as in RSS feeds), but will likely lead to problems if your site is accessible by both HTTP and HTTPS. Paths output with the <em>Protocol relative URL</em> option will avoid such problems, but feed readers and other software not using up-to-date standards may be confused by the paths. The <em>Path relative to server root</em> option will avoid problems with sites accessible by both HTTP and HTTPS with no compatibility concerns, but will absolutely not fix broken images and links in syndicated content.'),
      '#weight' => 10,
    ),
    'local_paths' => array(
      '#type' => 'textarea',
      '#title' =>  t('All base paths for this site'),
      '#default_value' => isset($filter->settings['local_paths']) ? $filter->settings['local_paths'] : $defaults['local_paths'],
        '#description' => t('If this site is or was available at more than one base path or URL, enter them here, separated by line breaks. For example, if this site is live at <code>http://example.com/</code> but has a staging version at <code>http://dev.example.org/staging/</code>, you would enter both those URLs here. If confused, please read <a href="!docs">Pathologic&rsquo;s documentation</a> for more information about this option and what it affects.', array('!docs' => 'http://drupal.org/node/257026')),
      '#weight' => 20,
    ),
  );
}

/**
 * Pathologic filter callback.
 *
 * Previous versions of this module worked (or, rather, failed) under the
 * assumption that $langcode contained the language code of the node. Sadly,
 * this isn't the case.
 * @see http://drupal.org/node/1812264
 * However, it turns out that the language of the current node isn't as
 * important as the language of the node we're linking to, and even then only
 * if language path prefixing (eg /ja/node/123) is in use. REMEMBER THIS IN THE
 * FUTURE, ALBRIGHT.
 *
 * The below code uses the @ operator before parse_url() calls because in PHP
 * 5.3.2 and earlier, parse_url() causes a warning of parsing fails. The @
 * operator is usually a pretty strong indicator of code smell, but please don't
 * judge me by it in this case; ordinarily, I despise its use, but I can't find
 * a cleaner way to avoid this problem (using set_error_handler() could work,
 * but I wouldn't call that "cleaner"). Fortunately, Drupal 8 will require at
 * least PHP 5.3.5, so this mess doesn't have to spread into the D8 branch of
 * Pathologic.
 * @see https://drupal.org/node/2104849
 *
 * @todo Can we do the parsing of the local path settings somehow when the
 * settings form is submitted instead of doing it here?
 */
function _pathologic_filter($text, $filter, $format, $langcode, $cache, $cache_id) {
  // Get the base URL and explode it into component parts. We add these parts
  // to the exploded local paths settings later.
  global $base_url;
  $base_url_parts = @parse_url($base_url . '/');
  // Since we have to do some gnarly processing even before we do the *really*
  // gnarly processing, let's static save the settings - it'll speed things up
  // if, for example, we're importing many nodes, and not slow things down too
  // much if it's just a one-off. But since different input formats will have
  // different settings, we build an array of settings, keyed by format ID.
  $cached_settings = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__, array());
  if (!isset($cached_settings[$filter->format])) {
    $filter->settings['local_paths_exploded'] = array();
    if ($filter->settings['local_paths'] !== '') {
      // Build an array of the exploded local paths for this format's settings.
      // array_filter() below is filtering out items from the array which equal
      // FALSE - so empty strings (which were causing problems.
      // @see http://drupal.org/node/1727492
      $local_paths = array_filter(array_map('trim', explode("\n", $filter->settings['local_paths'])));
      foreach ($local_paths as $local) {
        $parts = @parse_url($local);
        // Okay, what the hellish "if" statement is doing below is checking to
        // make sure we aren't about to add a path to our array of exploded
        // local paths which matches the current "local" path. We consider it
        // not a match, if…
        // @todo: This is pretty horrible. Can this be simplified?
        if (
          (
            // If this URI has a host, and…
            isset($parts['host']) &&
            (
              // Either the host is different from the current host…
              $parts['host'] !== $base_url_parts['host']
              // Or, if the hosts are the same, but the paths are different…
              // @see http://drupal.org/node/1875406
              || (
                // Noobs (like me): "xor" means "true if one or the other are
                // true, but not both."
                (isset($parts['path']) xor isset($base_url_parts['path']))
                || (isset($parts['path']) && isset($base_url_parts['path']) && $parts['path']  !== $base_url_parts['path'])
              )
            )
          ) ||
          // Or…
          (
            // The URI doesn't have a host…
            !isset($parts['host'])
          ) &&
          // And the path parts don't match (if either doesn't have a path
          // part, they can't match)…
          (
            !isset($parts['path']) ||
            !isset($base_url_parts['path']) ||
            $parts['path'] !== $base_url_parts['path']
          )
        ) {
          // Add it to the list.
          $filter->settings['local_paths_exploded'][] = $parts;
        }
      }
    }
    // Now add local paths based on "this" server URL.
    $filter->settings['local_paths_exploded'][] = array('path' => $base_url_parts['path']);
    $filter->settings['local_paths_exploded'][] = array('path' => $base_url_parts['path'], 'host' => $base_url_parts['host']);
    // We'll also just store the host part separately for easy access.
    $filter->settings['base_url_host'] = $base_url_parts['host'];

    $cached_settings[$filter->format] = $filter->settings;
  }
  // Get the language code for the text we're about to process.
  $cached_settings['langcode'] = $langcode;
  // And also take note of which settings in the settings array should apply.
  $cached_settings['current_settings'] = &$cached_settings[$filter->format];

  // Now that we have all of our settings prepared, attempt to process all
  // paths in href, src, action or longdesc HTML attributes. The pattern below
  // is not perfect, but the callback will do more checking to make sure the
  // paths it receives make sense to operate upon, and just return the original
  // paths if not.
  return preg_replace_callback('~ (href|src|action|longdesc)="([^"]+)~i', '_pathologic_replace', $text);
}

/**
 * Process and replace paths. preg_replace_callback() callback.
 */
function _pathologic_replace($matches) {
  // Get the base path.
  global $base_path;

  // Get the settings for the filter. Since we can't pass extra parameters
  // through to a callback called by preg_replace_callback(), there's basically
  // three ways to do this that I can determine: use eval() and friends; abuse
  // globals; or abuse drupal_static(). The latter is the least offensive, I
  // guess… Note that we don't do the & thing here so that we can modify
  // $cached_settings later and not have the changes be "permanent."
  $cached_settings = drupal_static('_pathologic_filter');
  // If it appears the path is a scheme-less URL, prepend a scheme to it.
  // parse_url() cannot properly parse scheme-less URLs. Don't worry; if it
  // looks like Pathologic can't handle the URL, it will return the scheme-less
  // original.
  // @see https://drupal.org/node/1617944
  // @see https://drupal.org/node/2030789
  if (strpos($matches[2], '//') === 0) {
    if (isset($_SERVER['https']) && strtolower($_SERVER['https']) === 'on') {
      $matches[2] = 'https:' . $matches[2];
    }
    else {
      $matches[2] = 'http:' . $matches[2];
    }
  }
  // Now parse the URL after reverting HTML character encoding.
  // @see http://drupal.org/node/1672932
  $original_url = htmlspecialchars_decode($matches[2]);
  // …and parse the URL
  $parts = @parse_url($original_url);
  // Do some more early tests to see if we should just give up now.
  if (
    // If parse_url() failed, give up.
    $parts === FALSE
    || (
      // If there's a scheme part and it doesn't look useful, bail out.
      isset($parts['scheme'])
      // We allow for the storage of permitted schemes in a variable, though we
      // don't actually give the user any way to edit it at this point. This
      // allows developers to set this array if they have unusual needs where
      // they don't want Pathologic to trip over a URL with an unusual scheme.
      // @see http://drupal.org/node/1834308
      // "files" and "internal" are for Path Filter compatibility.
      && !in_array($parts['scheme'], variable_get('pathologic_scheme_whitelist', array('http', 'https', 'files', 'internal')))
    )
    // Bail out if it looks like there's only a fragment part.
    || (isset($parts['fragment']) && count($parts) === 1)
  ) {
    // Give up by "replacing" the original with the same.
    return $matches[0];
  }

  if (isset($parts['path'])) {
    // Undo possible URL encoding in the path.
    // @see http://drupal.org/node/1672932
    $parts['path'] = rawurldecode($parts['path']);
  }
  else {
    $parts['path'] = '';
  }

  // Check to see if we're dealing with a file.
  // @todo Should we still try to do path correction on these files too?
  if (isset($parts['scheme']) && $parts['scheme'] === 'files') {
    // Path Filter "files:" support. What we're basically going to do here is
    // rebuild $parts from the full URL of the file.
    $new_parts = @parse_url(file_create_url(file_default_scheme() . '://' . $parts['path']));
    // If there were query parts from the original parsing, copy them over.
    if (!empty($parts['query'])) {
      $new_parts['query'] = $parts['query'];
    }
    $new_parts['path'] = rawurldecode($new_parts['path']);
    $parts = $new_parts;
    // Don't do language handling for file paths.
    $cached_settings['is_file'] = TRUE;
  }
  else {
    $cached_settings['is_file'] = FALSE;
  }

  // Let's also bail out of this doesn't look like a local path.
  $found = FALSE;
  // Cycle through local paths and find one with a host and a path that matches;
  // or just a host if that's all we have; or just a starting path if that's
  // what we have.
  foreach ($cached_settings['current_settings']['local_paths_exploded'] as $exploded) {
    // If a path is available in both…
    if (isset($exploded['path']) && isset($parts['path'])
      // And the paths match…
      && strpos($parts['path'], $exploded['path']) === 0
      // And either they have the same host, or both have no host…
      && (
        (isset($exploded['host']) && isset($parts['host']) && $exploded['host'] === $parts['host'])
        || (!isset($exploded['host']) && !isset($parts['host']))
      )
    ) {
      // Remove the shared path from the path. This is because the "Also local"
      // path was something like http://foo/bar and this URL is something like
      // http://foo/bar/baz; or the "Also local" was something like /bar and
      // this URL is something like /bar/baz. And we only care about the /baz
      // part.
      $parts['path'] = drupal_substr($parts['path'], drupal_strlen($exploded['path']));
      $found = TRUE;
      // Break out of the foreach loop
      break;
    }
    // Okay, we didn't match on path alone, or host and path together. Can we
    // match on just host? Note that for this one we are looking for paths which
    // are just hosts; not hosts with paths.
    elseif ((isset($parts['host']) && !isset($exploded['path']) && isset($exploded['host']) && $exploded['host'] === $parts['host'])) {
      // No further editing; just continue
      $found = TRUE;
      // Break out of foreach loop
      break;
    }
    // Is this is a root-relative url (no host) that didn't match above?
    // Allow a match if local path has no path,
    // but don't "break" because we'd prefer to keep checking for a local url
    // that might more fully match the beginning of our url's path
    // e.g.: if our url is /foo/bar we'll mark this as a match for
    // http://example.com but want to keep searching and would prefer a match
    // to http://example.com/foo if that's configured as a local path
    elseif (!isset($parts['host']) && (!isset($exploded['path']) || $exploded['path'] === $base_path)) {
      $found = TRUE;
    }
  }

  // If the path is not within the drupal root return original url, unchanged
  if (!$found) {
    return $matches[0];
  }

  // Okay, format the URL.
  // If there's still a slash lingering at the start of the path, chop it off.
  $parts['path'] = ltrim($parts['path'],'/');

  // Examine the query part of the URL. Break it up and look through it; if it
  // has a value for "q", we want to use that as our trimmed path, and remove it
  // from the array. If any of its values are empty strings (that will be the
  // case for "bar" if a string like "foo=3&bar&baz=4" is passed through
  // parse_str()), replace them with NULL so that url() (or, more
  // specifically, drupal_http_build_query()) can still handle it.
  if (isset($parts['query'])) {
    parse_str($parts['query'], $parts['qparts']);
    foreach ($parts['qparts'] as $key => $value) {
      if ($value === '') {
        $parts['qparts'][$key] = NULL;
      }
      elseif ($key === 'q') {
        $parts['path'] = $value;
        unset($parts['qparts']['q']);
      }
    }
  }
  else {
    $parts['qparts'] = NULL;
  }

  // If we don't have a path yet, bail out.
  if (!isset($parts['path'])) {
    return $matches[0];
  }

  // If we didn't previously identify this as a file, check to see if the file
  // exists now that we have the correct path relative to DRUPAL_ROOT
  if (!$cached_settings['is_file']) {
    $cached_settings['is_file'] = !empty($parts['path']) && is_file(DRUPAL_ROOT . '/'. $parts['path']);
  }

  // Okay, deal with language stuff.
  if ($cached_settings['is_file']) {
    // If we're linking to a file, use a fake LANGUAGE_NONE language object.
    // Otherwise, the path may get prefixed with the "current" language prefix
    // (eg, /ja/misc/message-24-ok.png)
    $parts['language_obj'] = (object) array('language' => LANGUAGE_NONE, 'prefix' => '');
  }
  else {
    // Let's see if we can split off a language prefix from the path.
    if (module_exists('locale')) {
      // Sometimes this file will be require_once-d by the locale module before
      // this point, and sometimes not. We require_once it ourselves to be sure.
      require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/includes/language.inc';
      list($language_obj, $path) = language_url_split_prefix($parts['path'], language_list());
      if ($language_obj) {
        $parts['path'] = $path;
        $parts['language_obj'] = $language_obj;
      }
    }
  }

  // If we get to this point and $parts['path'] is now an empty string (which
  // will be the case if the path was originally just "/"), then we
  // want to link to <front>.
  if ($parts['path'] === '') {
    $parts['path'] = '<front>';
  }
  // Build the parameters we will send to url()
  $url_params = array(
    'path' => $parts['path'],
    'options' => array(
      'query' => $parts['qparts'],
      'fragment' => isset($parts['fragment']) ? $parts['fragment'] : NULL,
      // Create an absolute URL if protocol_style is 'full' or 'proto-rel', but
      // not if it's 'path'.
      'absolute' => $cached_settings['current_settings']['protocol_style'] !== 'path',
      // If we seem to have found a language for the path, pass it along to
      // url(). Otherwise, ignore the 'language' parameter.
      'language' => isset($parts['language_obj']) ? $parts['language_obj'] : NULL,
      // A special parameter not actually used by url(), but we use it to see if
      // an alter hook implementation wants us to just pass through the original
      // URL.
      'use_original' => FALSE,
    ),
  );

  // Add the original URL to the parts array
  $parts['original'] = $original_url;

  // Now alter!
  // @see http://drupal.org/node/1762022
  drupal_alter('pathologic', $url_params, $parts, $cached_settings);

  // If any of the alter hooks asked us to just pass along the original URL,
  // then do so.
  if ($url_params['options']['use_original']) {
    return $matches[0];
  }

  // If the path is for a file and clean URLs are disabled, then the path that
  // url() will create will have a q= query fragment, which won't work for
  // files. To avoid that, we use this trick to temporarily turn clean URLs on.
  // This is horrible, but it seems to be the sanest way to do this.
  // @see http://drupal.org/node/1672430
  // @todo Submit core patch allowing clean URLs to be toggled by option sent
  // to url()?
  if (!empty($cached_settings['is_file'])) {
    $cached_settings['orig_clean_url'] = !empty($GLOBALS['conf']['clean_url']);
    if (!$cached_settings['orig_clean_url']) {
      $GLOBALS['conf']['clean_url'] = TRUE;
    }
  }

  // Now for the url() call. Drumroll, please…
  $url = url($url_params['path'], $url_params['options']);

  // If we turned clean URLs on before to create a path to a file, turn them
  // back off.
  if ($cached_settings['is_file'] && !$cached_settings['orig_clean_url']) {
    $GLOBALS['conf']['clean_url'] = FALSE;
  }

  // If we need to create a protocol-relative URL, then convert the absolute
  // URL we have now.
  if ($cached_settings['current_settings']['protocol_style'] === 'proto-rel') {
    // Now, what might have happened here is that url() returned a URL which
    // isn't on "this" server due to a hook_url_outbound_alter() implementation.
    // We don't want to convert the URL in that case. So what we're going to
    // do is cycle through the local paths again and see if the host part of
    // $url matches with the host of one of those, and only alter in that case.
    $url_parts = @parse_url($url);
    if (!empty($url_parts['host']) && $url_parts['host'] === $cached_settings['current_settings']['base_url_host']) {
      $url = _pathologic_url_to_protocol_relative($url);
    }
  }

  // Apply HTML character encoding, as is required for HTML attributes.
  // @see http://drupal.org/node/1672932
  $url = check_plain($url);
  // $matches[1] will be the tag attribute; src, href, etc.
  return " {$matches[1]}=\"{$url}";
}

/**
 * Convert a full URL with a protocol to a protocol-relative URL.
 *
 * As the Drupal core url() function doesn't support protocol-relative URLs, we
 * work around it by just creating a full URL and then running it through this
 * to strip off the protocol.
 *
 * Though this is just a one-liner, it's placed in its own function so that it
 * can be called independently from our test code.
 */
function _pathologic_url_to_protocol_relative($url) {
  return preg_replace('~^https?://~', '//', $url);
}
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    <h1>Spain</h1>
<div class="intro">Many well-educated women in the cities live in relative equality. In other parts of the country it is more common for women to follow traditional gender roles. During the 20th century Spain experienced periods of dramatic political change. </div>  </div>

  
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    <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-item even" property="content:encoded"><p><span>Spain is not a totally homogenous country. Many well-educated women in the cities live in relative equality. In other parts of the country it is more common for women to follow traditional gender roles. During the 20th century Spain experienced periods of dramatic political change. When the dictator Francisco Franco came to power in 1935, women were deprived of the right to vote, own land, own property, open a bank account, and more. When he died in 1975 there was a pent-up need for justice and equality, and in a short time the country went to the other extreme, and now probably has the strongest legislation in the world against violence against women.</span></p><p><strong><span><span>Population</span></span></strong><span><span><strong>:</strong> 46 million (2010)</span></span></p><p><strong><span><span>Religion</span></span></strong><span><span><strong>s:</strong> Christianity (Roman Catholic) 94%; other 6%</span></span></p><p><span><span><strong>Life expectancy:</strong> M</span></span><span><span>en 78 years, women 84 years (2011)</span></span></p><p><strong><span><span>Literacy rate</span></span></strong><span><span><strong>:</strong> Almost 100%</span></span></p><p><strong><span><span>In</span></span></strong><span><span><strong>come inequality:</strong> Gini coefficient 0.32 (2005) *</span></span></p><p><strong><span><span>Ranking o</span></span></strong><span><span><strong>n the Transparency International list of Corruption Perceptions in 183 countries:</strong> 31 (2011) **</span></span></p><p><strong><span><span>Ranking in the <span class="caps">UNDP</span> Human Development Index of </span></span></strong><span><span><strong>146 countries, taking gender equality into account:</strong> 13 (2011) ***</span></span> </p><p><strong><span><span>M</span></span></strong><span><span><strong>aternal deaths:</strong> 6 deaths per 100,000 births.</span></span></p><p><strong><span><span>Number of children</span></span></strong><span><span><strong>/woman:</strong> 1.47</span></span></p><p><strong><span><span>Abort</span></span></strong><span><span><strong>ion legislation:</strong> Right to abortion up to the 14th week of pregnancy</span></span> </p><p><strong><span><span>La</span></span></strong><span><span><strong>w against rape within marriage:</strong> Yes</span></span></p><p><strong><span><span>V</span></span></strong><span><span><strong>iolence against women in close relationships:</strong> 400 incidents of violence against women are reported each day. 73 women were killed by their partner/husband during 2010. </span></span></p><p><strong>* Gini</strong><span><span><strong> coefficient:</strong><br /></span></span>An economic metric of inequality in a population, for example in income distribution. The Gini coefficient has a value of between 0 and 1, where 0 implies that the assets of all individuals are exactly the same (total equality) while 1 represents total inequality. The lower the Gini coefficient for income inequality, the greater the equality of distribution of salaries, profits, welfare benefits and other forms of compensation.</p><p lang="en-US" xml:lang="en-US"><strong>** Corruption:<br /></strong><span><span>In 2011, Transparency International ranked 183 countries according to how widespread corruption was in the country.</span></span><span><span> Position 1 on the list showed the country where corruption was least widespread, position 183 the greatest. Corruption within, for example, the police and justice systems has a marked influence on women’s lives.</span></span></p><p lang="en-US" xml:lang="en-US"><strong>*** Equality:<br /></strong><span><span>Every year, the United Nations Development Programme, <span class="caps">UNDP</span>, measures human development in the world’s countries taking into account health, education and income, in the Human Development Index, <span class="caps">HDI</span>. In 2010 a new index was introduced: <span class="caps">GII</span>, Gender Inequality Index, which also takes gender equality into account. The countries are ranked from position 1 downwards</span></span><span><span>.</span></span></p><h3><span><span><br /><em>Sources</em></span></span><em><span><span>:</span></span></em></h3><p lang="en-US" xml:lang="en-US"><span><a href="http://data.worldbank.org/country" target="_blank">World Bank<br /></a></span><span><a href="http://www.ui.se/" target="_blank">Swedish Institute of International Affairs<br /></a></span><a href="http://worldabortionlaws.com/map/" target="_blank"><span><span>Center for Reproductive R</span></span></a><span><span><a href="http://worldabortionlaws.com/map/" target="_blank">ights<br /></a></span></span><span><a href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/eg.html" target="_blank"><span class="caps">CIA</span> World Factbook</a> <br /></span><span><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gini_Coefficient_World_CIA_Report_2009.png" target="_blank">Wikimedia</a> <br /></span><span><span><a href="http://cpi.transparency.org/cpi2011/results/" target="_blank">Transparency International</a></span></span> <br /><span><a href="http://www.undp.se/HDI-2011/" target="_blank"><span class="caps">UNDP</span> <span class="caps">HDI2011</span></a> <br /></span><span><a href="http://www.beta.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/corporate/HDR/2011%20Global%20HDR/English/HDR_2011_EN_Complete.pdf" target="_blank"><span class="caps">UNDP</span> <span class="caps">HDR2011</span></a> <br /></span><a href="http://www.healthmetricsandevaluation.org/news-events/news-release/maternal-deaths-fall-worldwide-half-million-annually-less-350000" target="_blank"><span><span><span>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</span></span></span></a><span><span><span><span><a href="http://www.healthmetricsandevaluation.org/news-events/news-release/maternal-deaths-fall%20worldwide-half-million-annually-less-350000" target="_blank"><br /></a></span></span></span></span><span><span><a href="http://www.fundacionmujeres.es/"><span><span>http://www.fundacionmujeres.es/</span></span></a></span></span></p></div></div>  </div>

  
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    <div class="field field-name-field-ws-headline field-type-text field-label-hidden"><div class="field-item even">Legislation</div></div><div class="field field-name-field-ws-development field-type-text-long field-label-hidden"><div class="field-item even"><p><span><strong>Is there </strong></span><span><strong>legislation in place which explicitly states that acts of violence committed against women by someone close to them which take place in private are against the law, and which imposes appropriate punishment on the perpetrator? </strong></span></p><p class="plus"><span>An law against violence against women in the home was passed in 2004. Death threats were also made a criminal act. The law describes in detail how authorities and the health care system are to work with victims of crime.</span></p><p class="minus"><span>The law is gender-neutral and can therefore not be applied to women who beat men or to violence in same sex relationships. </span></p></div></div>  </div>
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</div></div><div class="field-item odd"><div class="field-collection-view clearfix view-mode-full"><div class="entity entity-field-collection-item field-collection-item-field-ws-collection clearfix" about="/field-collection/field-ws-collection/1298" typeof="">
  <div class="content">
    <div class="field field-name-field-ws-headline field-type-text field-label-hidden"><div class="field-item even">Justice system</div></div><div class="field field-name-field-ws-development field-type-text-long field-label-hidden"><div class="field-item even"><p lang="en-US" xml:lang="en-US"><strong>Is there a functioning, non-corrupt police force and judiciary which can pass sentence and enforce punishment within a reasonable period of time? </strong></p><p class="plus"><span>There are around one hundred specialised women’s courts which deal with crimes against women. They work quickly, aiming to handle an application for a protection order within three days. The law also allows the prosecutor to “lump together” several crimes of violence in one prosecution, and the judge does not need exact dates and times to be able to convict the perpatrator. A man who commits the “lesser” form of physical or psychological abuse risks fines or imprisonment for a maximum of two years.</span></p><p class="minus"><span>In some places, the courts are being stretched to the limits, and critical voices have been raised concerning legal security.  </span></p></div></div>  </div>
</div>
</div></div><div class="field-item even"><div class="field-collection-view clearfix view-mode-full"><div class="entity entity-field-collection-item field-collection-item-field-ws-collection clearfix" about="/field-collection/field-ws-collection/1299" typeof="">
  <div class="content">
    <div class="field field-name-field-ws-headline field-type-text field-label-hidden"><div class="field-item even">Statistics</div></div><div class="field field-name-field-ws-development field-type-text-long field-label-hidden"><div class="field-item even"><p lang="en-US" xml:lang="en-US"><strong>Are there accessible and reliable statistics for the incidence of violence against women?</strong></p><p class="plus"><span>All</span><span> Spanish courts report fatal violence to a government institute, which keeps detailed and accessible research material about violence against women. </span></p><p class="minus"><span>The unrecorded figures are high, particularly for immigrant women who do not know their rights and do not report the crimes to the police. The majority of Spanish women who are killed have not previously reported violence, which also suggests that the figures are under-reported.</span></p></div></div>  </div>
</div>
</div></div><div class="field-item odd"><div class="field-collection-view clearfix view-mode-full"><div class="entity entity-field-collection-item field-collection-item-field-ws-collection clearfix" about="/field-collection/field-ws-collection/1300" typeof="">
  <div class="content">
    <div class="field field-name-field-ws-headline field-type-text field-label-hidden"><div class="field-item even">Possibility for self support</div></div><div class="field field-name-field-ws-development field-type-text-long field-label-hidden"><div class="field-item even"><p lang="en-US" xml:lang="en-US"><strong>Is it possible for women to support themselves and their children, for example after divorce? </strong></p><p class="plus"><span>It is common and generally acceptable for a woman to work, and the law supports her right to economic help if she leaves a violent husband. </span></p></div></div>  </div>
</div>
</div></div><div class="field-item even"><div class="field-collection-view clearfix view-mode-full"><div class="entity entity-field-collection-item field-collection-item-field-ws-collection clearfix" about="/field-collection/field-ws-collection/1301" typeof="">
  <div class="content">
    <div class="field field-name-field-ws-headline field-type-text field-label-hidden"><div class="field-item even">Shelters</div></div><div class="field field-name-field-ws-development field-type-text-long field-label-hidden"><div class="field-item even"><p><span><strong>Are there shelters for women who want to leave a violent relationship?</strong></span><span><strong> </strong></span></p><p class="plus"><span>The woman has a legal right to sheltered accommodation. </span></p><p class="minus"><span>The poorest women in the state-run women’s shelters often go back to their husbands without having been shown how to build a new life.  </span></p></div></div>  </div>
</div>
</div></div><div class="field-item odd"><div class="field-collection-view clearfix view-mode-full"><div class="entity entity-field-collection-item field-collection-item-field-ws-collection clearfix" about="/field-collection/field-ws-collection/1302" typeof="">
  <div class="content">
    <div class="field field-name-field-ws-headline field-type-text field-label-hidden"><div class="field-item even">Open debate and prevention from violence</div></div><div class="field field-name-field-ws-development field-type-text-long field-label-hidden"><div class="field-item even"><p><span><strong>Has the government explicitly expressed the</strong></span><span><strong> will to fight the violence by means of public debate and various forms of preventive work, for example in the schools, the legal system and the healthcare system?</strong></span></p><p class="plus"><span>The Government </span><span>runs regular campaigns against violence in the home. The new law also contains wording stating that the media have a responsibility to report on the consequences of the violence, for example how many Spanish women have been killed by their husband or ex-husband. </span></p><p class="minus"><span>There is a lack of support for relatives of women who have been killed by a husband or ex-husband and who need psychological or legal help.</span></p><p><span><strong>Are there any programmes to prevent the </strong></span><span><strong>abuser from relapsing into violence? </strong></span></p><p class="minus"><span>We have not been able to find any </span><span>any good examples of such programmes.  </span></p></div></div>  </div>
</div>
</div></div><div class="field-item even"><div class="field-collection-view clearfix view-mode-full"><div class="entity entity-field-collection-item field-collection-item-field-ws-collection clearfix" about="/field-collection/field-ws-collection/1303" typeof="">
  <div class="content">
    <div class="field field-name-field-ws-headline field-type-text field-label-hidden"><div class="field-item even">Attitudes</div></div><div class="field field-name-field-ws-development field-type-text-long field-label-hidden"><div class="field-item even"><p lang="en-US" xml:lang="en-US"><strong>Does society take the view that women are subordinate to men?</strong></p><p class="plus"><span>It is no longer unusual to find women in senior positions in society.</span></p><p class="plus"><span>Male politicians have also taken up questions of equality and violence against women, sending an important signal to the population. </span></p><p class="minus"><span>Spain is still a country where machismo, the attitude that the man is the undisputed head of the family, prevails. The majority of abused women – around eight out of ten – choose not to give evidence against the man in court because they themselves assume the guilt and see their primary obligation as being to protect the family.  </span></p></div></div>  </div>
</div>
</div></div><div class="field-item odd"><div class="field-collection-view clearfix view-mode-full"><div class="entity entity-field-collection-item field-collection-item-field-ws-collection clearfix" about="/field-collection/field-ws-collection/1304" typeof="">
  <div class="content">
    <div class="field field-name-field-ws-headline field-type-text field-label-hidden"><div class="field-item even">Trend</div></div><div class="field field-name-field-ws-development field-type-text-long field-label-hidden"><div class="field-item even"><p><span><strong>Which direction is the </strong></span><span><strong>fight to end the violence against women going in? </strong></span></p><p lang="en-US" xml:lang="en-US"> </p><div class="media media-element-container media-full"><img alt="" class="media-image" typeof="foaf:Image" src="http://www.causeofdeathwoman.com/sites/default/files/styles/full_top/public/tendens-pil-upp.png?itok=2IIrojca" title="" /><section class="field field-name-field-byline field-type-text field-label-above"><div class="field-label">Photo: </div><div class="field-item even">Linda Forsell</div></section></div><p><span>Spain</span><span> probably has the strictest legislation against violence against women of any country in the world. The level of aspiration is still high and the laws are still being updated. For example, a change was recently made so that women who are illegal immigrants will dare to report a violent husband to the police. The woman no longer risks being deported while the crime is being investigated, and if her husband is convicted she will be allowed to remain in Spain.  </span></p></div></div>  </div>
</div>
</div></div><div class="field-item even"><div class="field-collection-view clearfix view-mode-full field-collection-view-final"><div class="entity entity-field-collection-item field-collection-item-field-ws-collection clearfix" about="/field-collection/field-ws-collection/1305" typeof="">
  <div class="content">
    <div class="field field-name-field-ws-headline field-type-text field-label-hidden"><div class="field-item even">Sources</div></div><div class="field field-name-field-ws-development field-type-text-long field-label-hidden"><div class="field-item even"><p><a href="http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cahrv.uni-osnabrueck.de%2Freddot%2FGerardo_Meil%281%29.pdf&amp;sa=D&amp;sntz=1&amp;usg=AFQjCNEYhjVexGBJ9Z0CjSknTWnhjWY2eA" target="_blank"><span><span>Department of Sociology, Universidad Autónoma Madrid</span></span></a></p><p><a href="http://jech.bmj.com/content/60/8/652.extract" target="_blank"><span><span>Journal of </span></span><span><span>Epidemiology <span class="amp">&amp;</span> Community Health</span></span></a></p><p><a href="http://www.observatorioviolencia.org/noticias.php?id=728" target="_blank"><span><span>Observatorio de la Violencia-Fundacion Mujeres</span></span></a></p><p><a href="http://jech.bmj.com/content/60/8/652.extract" target="_blank"><span><span>Brit</span></span><span><span>ish Medical Journal</span></span></a></p></div></div>  </div>
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